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northamerica (139364B)

---

 # <pre>
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
 # in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
 # of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
 #
 #	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
 #	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
 #	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
 #	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
 #	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
 #	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
 #	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 #	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 #	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 #	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 #
 #	-- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 #	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 #
 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 # Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
 #
 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 # An AltaVista search turned up
 # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 
 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 #
 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 # importance."
 #
 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 #
 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 # this time zone package.
 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
 Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
 Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
 Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
 Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
 Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
 Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 #    old			 new
 #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 #    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 #    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 #    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 #
 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 # USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 # The above dates are for 1988.
 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 # Aleutians.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard eastern time
 #	United States standard mountain time
 #	United States standard central time
 #	United States standard Pacific time
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard Alaska time
 #	(none)
 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 # public law 98-181):
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Yukon standard time
 #	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 #	Bering standard time
 # And after 1983-11-30:
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Alaska standard time
 #	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 #	Samoa standard time
 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
 # See the file "australasia".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 #
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 #   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 #     (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
 #     Sunday of March'; and
 #     (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
 #     Sunday of November'.
 #   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 #   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 #   States.
 #   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 #   Department study is complete.
 
 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 
 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 
 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 # <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 # in Columbus."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 
 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 
 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 #
 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15 2:00
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25 02:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 # <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 # </a>
 # <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 # </a>
 
 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 # at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
 
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 #
 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 #
 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 # Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
 # and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
 # most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # Alaska
 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 # the Julian calendar.
 #
 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 #
 
 # From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
 # The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
 # available to Alaskan residents.
 #
 # <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
 # http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
 # </a>
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 #
 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 # Pacific Time.
 #
 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 #
 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 #
 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 #
 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 # Nation.)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 # Community office (using contact information available at
 # <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 # </a>).
 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26 2:00
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -8:00	-	MeST
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	HA%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 #
 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 # possibly until 1983:
 #
 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 #  three votes for and one against."
 
 # Hawaii
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 # the article is available at
 # <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 # </a>
 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 # Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 #
 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 
 Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
 			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
 			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:00	-	HST
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 #
 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 # <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 #
 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 
 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
 
 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13 2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
 			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3 2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # Indiana
 #
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
 # What time is it in Indiana?
 # </a> (2006-03-01)
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
 #
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 #   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 #
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 #
 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 #
 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 #
 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 # and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 #
 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
 
 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29 2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
 			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 # in November 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
 			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 # then switched back in 2006.
 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 # 1991-10-27.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
 			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1941	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1956	1960	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1968
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 #
 # From
 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 # location in the Central time zone.
 #
 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 # The final rule was published in the
 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
 # </a>
 #
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	-	CST	1968
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 #	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 # so omit that change for now.
 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 # 1999-10-31.  See the
 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
 # </a>
 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 
 # Michigan
 #
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 # that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 #	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 #	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 #	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 #	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
 #	by city vote.
 #
 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
 # one hour in 1914.''  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 # info, so omit this for now.
 #
 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
 			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 # also claimed by Haiti
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 
 ################################################################################
 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	</a> (1914-03)
 #
 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
 
 # From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
 #
 #	UTC	Standard time	Daylight savings time
 #	offset	French	English	French	English
 #	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
 #	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
 #	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
 #	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
 #	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
 #	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
 #	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
 #	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
 #	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
 #
 #	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
 #	HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e	DT: Daylight saving Time
 #
 #	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
 #	C: du Centre		Central
 #	E: de l'Est		Eastern
 #	M:			Mountain
 #	N:			Newfoundland
 #	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
 #	R: des Rocheuses
 #	T: de Terre-Neuve
 #	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
 # & Pottenger.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
 # 2007-03-01):
 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
 # ...
 # Nova Scotia
 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
 #
 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
 # ...
 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
 # ...
 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
 # ...
 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
 # ...
 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
 # ...
 # Yukon
 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
 # ...
 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
 # JavaScript.
 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
 # ...
 # Nunavut
 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
 # <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
 # </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
 #
 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
 # href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
 # </a> (updated periodically).
 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
 # new US DST rules,
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
 # <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
 # </a>
 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
 # The quote includes these two statements:
 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
 
 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 
 # Newfoundland and Labrador
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
 
 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
 # ...
 # <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm">
 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
 # </a>
 # ...
 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
 # Executive Council
 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
 
 Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
 Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
 #
 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	-	NST	1936
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
 			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 
 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
 # this is a typo.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
 			-4:00	-	AST	1972
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # New Brunswick
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # Quebec
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
 # like Montreal.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
 # In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
 # that "The residents of the Municipality of the
 # Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
 # Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
 # written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
 # the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
 # <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
 # Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
 Rule	Mont	1927	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1932	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1933	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
 			-4:00	-	AST
 Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 
 
 # Ontario
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # Toronto.
 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
 # earlier in June).
 #
 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
 # He also writes that the
 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
 # </a>
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
 #
 #	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
 #	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
 #	the other half on eastern time.
 #
 #	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
 #
 #	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
 #	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
 #	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
 #
 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
 
 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
 #
 # Currently the database has:
 #
 # # Ontario
 #
 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # # Toronto.
 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 #
 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
 #
 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
 #
 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
 #
 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
 #
 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
 #
 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
 #
 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
 # was available at
 # <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
 # </a>
 #
 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
 #
 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
 # for the other provinces only approximate:
 #
 # 	Province	Daylight saving time used
 # Prince Edward Island	Not used.
 # Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
 # New Brunswick		In St. John only.
 # Quebec		In the following places:
 # 			Montreal	Lachine
 # 			Quebec		Mont-Royal
 # 			Levis		Iberville
 # 			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madeleine
 # 			Verdun		Loretteville
 # 			Westmount	Richmond
 # 			Outremont	St. Jerome
 # 			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
 # 			Arvida		Waterloo
 # 			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
 # 			Melbourne	La Tuque
 # 			St. Theophile	Buckingham
 # Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
 # 			the southerly part of the province. Not
 # 			used in the northwesterlhy part.
 # Manitoba		Not used.
 # Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
 # Alberta		Not used.
 # British Columbia	Not used.
 #
 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
 # was meant.
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
 # Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
 # Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
 Rule	Toronto	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1932	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1949	only	-	Nov	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1950	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1950	only	-	Nov	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
 Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
 # months for the remainder of the war years.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	-	CST	1910
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 
 # Manitoba
 
 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	May	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1951	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1951	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1960	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Sep	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1966	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1966	2005	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1987	2005	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
 			-6:00	Winn	C%sT	2006
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 
 
 # Saskatchewan
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
 # time was noted.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
 
 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
 #
 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
 #
 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
 #
 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
 # since sometime in the 1960s.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
 # long and rather painful to read.
 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1937	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1938	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1939	1941	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1959	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
 			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 
 
 # Alberta
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1921	1923	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1972	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1972	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 			-7:00	Edm	M%sT	1987
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 
 
 # British Columbia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
 # been like Vancouver.
 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
 
 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
 
 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
 # <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
 # </a>
 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
 
 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
 # article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
 # of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
 # <a href="http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56">
 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
 # </a>
 
 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date unknown
 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
 # Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
 # note#1:
 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
 # Creston did not change its clocks.
 # note#2:
 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
 # Creston did not oblige.
 # note#3:
 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
 # (UTC-7) forever.
 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
 # <a href="http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html">
 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
 # </a>
 
 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
 
 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1946	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1947	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1962	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30 2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
 			-8:00	-	PST	1918 Jun 2
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
 #	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
 #	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
 #	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
 #	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
 # with Englander.
 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
 # act which was last updated in 1987:
 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
 # </a>
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
 #
 #	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
 #	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
 #
 #	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
 #
 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
 # the current state of affairs.
 
 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
 # for these potential new Zones.
 #
 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
 # required to use daylight savings.
 
 # From
 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
 # Nunavut now has two time zones
 # </a> (2000-11-10):
 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
 # unified time zone in 1999.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
 # more.
 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
 # According to maps at
 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
 # (both dated 2003), and
 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
 # daylight saving only during wartime.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
 # daylight saving....
 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
 #
 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
 #
 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
 #
 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
 #
 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
 #
 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
 # Aziz:
 # <a href="http://www.uphere.ca/node/493">
 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
 # </a>
 #
 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
 # Eastern Standard Time.
 #
 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
 #
 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
 #
 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
 #
 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
 			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
 Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
 Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5 0:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul 1 2:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28 0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Mexico
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
 # <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
 # </a>.
 #
 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
 # the relevant documents.
 
 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
 #
 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
 #
 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
 #
 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
 #
 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
 #    General:   GMT+5
 #
 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
 #    General:   GMT+6
 #
 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
 #
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
 # </a>
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
 # Arizona year round.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
 # whole year.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
 # (translated):...
 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
 # this year....
 # <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
 
 # <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
 # </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
 #
 # <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
 # </a>
 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
 #
 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
 # September 30, 2001.
 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
 
 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
 #
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
 # > the United States.
 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
 # <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
 # </a>
 # <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
 # </a>
 # (Spanish)
 #
 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
 # </a>
 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
 #
 # There is also a list of the votes here:
 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
 # </a>
 #
 # Our page:
 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
 # </a>
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
 # The page
 # <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
 # </a>
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
 # Ju&aacute;rez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acu&ntilde;a y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
 # An&aacute;huac en Nuevo Le&oacute;n; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
 # Tamaulipas, la aplicaci&oacute;n de este horario estacional surtir&aacute; efecto
 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluir&aacute; a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la l&iacute;nea
 # internacional y la l&iacute;nea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
 # kil&oacute;metros, as&iacute; como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
 # interior del pa&iacute;s, la aplicaci&oacute;n de este horario estacional surtir&aacute;
 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluir&aacute; a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1940	only	-	Dec	9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1941	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1943	only	-	Dec	16	0:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Mexico	1944	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Campeche, Yucatan
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30 02:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
 # According to news, Bah&iacute;a de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
 # Bah&iacute;a de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
 # pa&iacute;s, a partir de este domingo
 # <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
 # </a>
 #
 # Bah&iacute;a de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
 # Pa&iacute;s
 # <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
 # </a>
 #
 # (English)
 # Puerto Vallarta and Bah&iacute;a de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
 # </a>
 #
 # or
 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
 # </a>
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
 # will allow Bah&iacute;a de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr 4 2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
 # Baja California (near US border)
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 # Baja California (away from US border)
 Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
 # name or contents should be.
 #
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	-	EST	1951
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Bahamas
 #
 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:24 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Barbados
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:28 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
 			-3:58:28 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 			-6:00	Belize	C%sT
 
 # Bermuda
 
 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
 
 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:04 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-4:00	Bahamas	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
 
 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
 # to the normal schedule....
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
 #
 # He supplied these references:
 #
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
 #
 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
 #
 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
 # </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
 # <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
 # </a>
 #
 # Some more background information is posted here:
 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
 # </a>
 #
 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
 # change some historic records as well.
 #
 # One example:
 # <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
 # </a>
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
 # <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
 # </a>
 #
 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
 #
 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
 # (in Spanish)
 # </a>
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
 # I listened over the Internet to
 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
 # </a>
 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
 # changed at all).
 #
 # Source:
 # <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
 # </a>
 #
 # Our info:
 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
 # </a>
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
 #
 # One source (Spanish)
 # <a href="http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html">
 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
 # </a>
 #
 # Our page:
 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html">
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
 # </a>
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
 # 31 and April 1.
 #
 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
 # <a href="http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril">
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
 # </a>
 #
 # Our info on it:
 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html">
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
 # </a>
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	May	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1967	only	-	Apr	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1967	1968	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1968	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1977	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1971	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1972	1974	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1975	1977	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1978	only	-	May	7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1978	1990	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1981	1985	-	May	Sun>=5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2000	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2006	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2007	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2008	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2009	2010	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Nov	13	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2012	only	-	Apr	1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01		# Roseau
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
 # decided to revert.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
 			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
 			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29 02:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3 01:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # El Salvador
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# St George's
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Guadeloupe
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun 8	# Pointe a Pitre
 			-4:00	-	AST
 # St Barthelemy
 Link America/Guadeloupe	America/St_Barthelemy
 # St Martin (French part)
 Link America/Guadeloupe	America/Marigot
 
 # Guatemala
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
 # Diario Co Latino, at
 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
 # <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1974	only	-	Feb	24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	May	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Mar	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 			-6:00	Guat	C%sT
 
 # Haiti
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
 # <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
 # </a>.  Translated from French, it says:
 #
 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
 #
 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
 #   October 2005.
 #
 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
 #
 # I have found this article about it (in French):
 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
 #
 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
 # So this means they have already changed their time.
 #
 # (Sources in French):
 # <a href="http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510">
 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
 # </a>
 # <a href="http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253">
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
 # </a>
 #
 # Our coverage:
 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html">
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html
 # </a>
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
 # Assume a US-style fall back as well XXX.
 # Do not yet assume that the change carries forward past 2012 XXX.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
 # Go with IATA.
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2012	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2012	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
 			-5:00	Haiti	E%sT
 
 # Honduras
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
 # <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	Aug	Mon>=1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 			-6:00	Hond	C%sT
 #
 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
 
 # Jamaica
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Follows US rules.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:12 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Martinique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
 			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
 			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01   # Cork Hill
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
 # assume that it is daylight saving....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
 # (2005-09-26)
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
 # (my informal translation)
 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
 # My informal translation runs:
 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Jun	Mon>=23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
 			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1 4:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
 			-6:00	-	CST	1993
 			-5:00	-	EST	1997
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT
 
 # Panama
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
 			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2	# Basseterre
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Lucia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890		# Castries
 			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912	    # Castries Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
 			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890		# Kingstown
 			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912	   # Kingstown Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
 # From Chris Dunn in
 # <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
 #
 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
 # says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	TC	1979	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	1979	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	TC	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	TC	E%sT
 
 # British Virgin Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Road Town
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Virgin Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Charlotte Amalie
 			-4:00	-	AST