australasia (71218B)
1 # <pre> 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7 # Notes are at the end of this file 8 9 ############################################################################### 10 11 # Australia 12 13 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28 # Northern Territory 29 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32 # Western Australia 33 # 34 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51 # Queensland 52 # 53 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56 # Queensland ceased to. 57 # 58 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62 # so use Lindeman. 63 # 64 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79 # South Australia 80 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102 # Tasmania 103 # 104 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107 # 108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140 # Victoria 141 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161 # New South Wales 162 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190 # Lord Howe Island 191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210 # Australian miscellany 211 # 212 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 213 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214 # no times are set 215 # 216 # Coral Sea Is 217 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218 # no times are set 219 # 220 # Macquarie 221 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 222 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223 # like Australia/Hobart 224 225 # Christmas 226 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 228 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 229 230 # Cook Is 231 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 232 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 233 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 234 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 235 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 236 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 237 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 238 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 239 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 240 241 # Cocos 242 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 244 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 247 248 # Fiji 249 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 250 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 251 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 252 # 253 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 254 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 255 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 256 # </a> 257 # or 258 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 259 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 260 # </a> 261 262 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 263 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 264 # amendments: 265 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 266 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 267 # </a> 268 269 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 270 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 271 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 272 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 273 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 274 # 275 # Official source: 276 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 277 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 278 # </a> 279 # 280 # A bit more background info here: 281 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 282 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 283 # </a> 284 285 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 286 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 287 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 288 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 289 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 290 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 291 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 292 # </a> 293 # or 294 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296 # </a> 297 298 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 299 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 300 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 301 # 302 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 303 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304 # </a> 305 # which says 306 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 307 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 308 # 2am on February 26 next year. 309 310 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 311 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 312 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 313 # 314 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 315 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 316 # </a> 317 # states: 318 # 319 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 320 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 321 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 322 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 323 324 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 325 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 326 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 327 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 328 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 329 # 330 # From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 331 # For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 332 333 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 334 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 335 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 336 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 337 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 338 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 339 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 340 Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 341 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 343 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 344 345 # French Polynesia 346 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 348 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 349 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 350 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 351 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 352 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 353 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 354 # it is uninhabited. 355 356 # Guam 357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 359 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 360 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 361 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 362 363 # Kiribati 364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 365 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 366 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 367 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 368 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 369 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 370 13:00 - PHOT 371 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 372 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 373 -10:00 - LINT 1995 374 14:00 - LINT 375 376 # N Mariana Is 377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 379 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 380 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 381 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 382 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 383 384 # Marshall Is 385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 387 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 388 12:00 - MHT 389 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 390 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 391 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 392 12:00 - MHT 393 394 # Micronesia 395 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 397 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 398 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 399 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 400 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 401 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 402 12:00 - KOST 1999 403 11:00 - KOST 404 405 # Nauru 406 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 408 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 409 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 410 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 411 12:00 - NRT 412 413 # New Caledonia 414 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 415 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 416 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 417 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 418 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 419 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 422 11:00 NC NC%sT 423 424 425 ############################################################################### 426 427 # New Zealand 428 429 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 431 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 432 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 433 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 434 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 435 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 436 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 437 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 438 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 439 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 440 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 441 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 442 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 443 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 444 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 445 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 446 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 447 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 448 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 449 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 450 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 451 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 452 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 453 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 454 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 455 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 456 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 459 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 460 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 461 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 462 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 463 464 465 # Auckland Is 466 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 467 # and scientific personnel have wintered 468 469 # Campbell I 470 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 471 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 472 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 473 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 474 475 ############################################################################### 476 477 478 # Niue 479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 481 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 482 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 483 -11:00 - NUT 484 485 # Norfolk 486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 487 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 488 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 489 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 490 491 # Palau (Belau) 492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 493 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 494 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 495 496 # Papua New Guinea 497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 498 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 499 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 500 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 501 502 # Pitcairn 503 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 505 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 506 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 507 508 # American Samoa 509 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 510 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 511 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 512 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 513 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 514 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 515 516 # Samoa 517 518 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 519 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 520 # the following info: 521 # 522 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 523 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 524 # Sunday of April 2011." 525 # 526 # Background info: 527 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 528 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 529 # </a> 530 # 531 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 532 # contain any dates: 533 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 534 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 535 # </a> 536 537 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 538 # Please see 539 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 540 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 541 # </a>, 542 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 543 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 544 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 545 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 546 547 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 548 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 549 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 550 # www.mcil.gov.ws 551 # </a> 552 # 553 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 554 # 555 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 556 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 557 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 558 # 559 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 560 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 561 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 562 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 563 # 564 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 565 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 566 567 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 568 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 569 # 570 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 571 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 572 # </a> 573 574 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 575 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 576 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 577 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 578 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 579 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 580 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 581 # 582 # International Date Line Bill 2011 583 # 584 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 585 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 586 # Line, and for related purposes. 587 # 588 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 589 # assembled as follows: 590 # 591 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 592 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 593 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 594 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 595 # 596 # [snip] 597 # 598 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 599 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 600 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 601 # 602 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 603 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 604 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 605 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 606 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 607 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 608 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 609 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 610 611 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 612 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 613 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614 # </a> 615 # 616 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 617 # 618 # DST 619 # Year End Time Start Time 620 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 621 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 622 # 623 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 624 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 625 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 626 # 627 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 628 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 629 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 630 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 631 # 632 # From Nicky (2012-09-10): 633 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 634 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 635 # 636 # Please find link below for more information. 637 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 638 # 639 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 640 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 641 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 642 643 # Western Samoa 644 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 645 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 646 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 647 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 648 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 649 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 650 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 651 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 652 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 653 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 654 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 655 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 656 13:00 WS WS%sT 657 658 # Solomon Is 659 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 660 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 662 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 663 664 # Tokelau Is 665 # 666 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 667 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 668 # December 31 this year ... 669 # 670 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 671 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 672 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 673 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 674 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 675 # 676 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 677 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 678 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 679 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 680 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 681 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 682 683 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 684 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 685 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 686 13:00 - TKT 687 688 # Tonga 689 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 690 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 691 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 692 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 693 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 694 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 695 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 696 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 697 13:00 - TOT 1999 698 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 699 700 # Tuvalu 701 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 702 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 703 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 704 705 706 # US minor outlying islands 707 708 # Howland, Baker 709 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 710 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 711 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 712 # uninhabited thereafter. 713 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 714 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 715 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 716 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 717 # until they were abandoned after the war. 718 719 # Jarvis 720 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 721 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 722 # uninhabited thereafter. 723 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 724 725 # Johnston 726 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 728 729 # Kingman 730 # uninhabited 731 732 # Midway 733 # 734 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 735 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 736 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 737 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 738 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 739 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 740 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 741 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 742 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 743 # 744 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 745 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 746 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 747 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 748 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 749 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 750 751 # Palmyra 752 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 753 754 # Wake 755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 756 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 757 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 758 759 760 # Vanuatu 761 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 762 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 763 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 764 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 765 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 766 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 767 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 768 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 769 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 770 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 771 772 # Wallis and Futuna 773 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 774 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 775 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 776 777 ############################################################################### 778 779 # NOTES 780 781 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 782 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 783 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 784 785 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 786 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 787 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 788 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 789 # 790 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 791 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 792 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 793 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 794 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 795 # 796 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 797 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 798 # 799 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 800 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 801 # I found in the UCLA library. 802 # 803 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 804 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 805 # 806 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 807 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 808 # Corrections are welcome! 809 # std dst 810 # LMT Local Mean Time 811 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 812 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 813 # 9:00 JST Japan 814 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 815 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 816 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 817 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 818 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 819 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 820 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 821 # -11:00 SST Samoa 822 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 823 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 824 # 825 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 826 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 827 828 ############################################################################### 829 830 # Australia 831 832 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 833 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 834 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 835 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 836 837 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 838 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 839 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 840 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 841 842 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 843 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 844 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 845 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 846 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 847 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 848 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 849 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 850 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 851 # time'. 852 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 853 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 854 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 855 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 856 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 857 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 858 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 859 860 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 861 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 862 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 863 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 864 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 865 866 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 867 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 868 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 869 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 870 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 871 872 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 873 # versus "AEST" etc.: 874 # 875 # I see the following points of dispute: 876 # 877 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 878 # 879 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 880 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 881 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 882 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 883 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 884 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 885 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 886 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 887 # 888 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 889 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 890 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 891 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 892 # 893 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 894 # 895 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 896 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 897 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 898 # Time, for example. 899 # 900 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 901 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 902 # tiebreaker. 903 # 904 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 905 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 906 # the word "Australian"? 907 # 908 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 909 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 910 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 911 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 912 # following count of page hits: 913 # 914 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 915 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 916 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 917 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 918 # 919 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 920 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 921 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 922 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 923 # 924 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 925 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 926 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 927 # are the hit counts anyway: 928 # 929 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 930 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 931 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 932 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 933 # 934 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 935 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 936 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 937 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 938 # 939 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 940 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 941 # 942 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 943 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 944 # the ambiguities involved. 945 # 946 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 947 # 948 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 949 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 950 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 951 # understood in Australia. 952 953 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 954 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 955 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 956 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 957 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 958 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 959 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 960 961 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 962 # 963 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 964 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 965 # relevant entries in this database. 966 # 967 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 968 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 969 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 970 # </a> 971 # ACT 972 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 973 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 974 # </a> 975 # SA 976 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 977 # Standard Time Act, 1898 978 # </a> 979 980 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 981 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 982 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 983 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 984 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 985 # 986 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 987 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 988 # to extend DST together in 2006. 989 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 990 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 991 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 992 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 993 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 994 # allude to it. 995 # But not Queensland 996 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 997 998 # Northern Territory 999 1000 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1001 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1002 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1003 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1004 # ... 1005 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1006 1007 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1008 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1009 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1010 1011 # Western Australia 1012 1013 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1014 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1015 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1016 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1017 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1018 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1019 # # before reaching parliament. 1020 # ... 1021 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1022 # ... 1023 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1024 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1025 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1026 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1027 1028 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1029 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1030 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1031 1032 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1033 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1034 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1035 # work at 9.00am.) 1036 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1037 # everybody again. 1038 1039 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1040 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1041 # it matches what was used in the past. 1042 1043 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1044 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1045 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1046 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1047 1048 # Queensland 1049 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1050 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1051 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1052 # ... 1053 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1054 # ... 1055 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1056 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1057 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1058 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1059 1060 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1061 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1062 # October 1989). 1063 1064 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1065 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1066 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1067 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1068 1069 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1070 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1071 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1072 # me.) 1073 1074 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1075 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1076 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1077 # ... 1078 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1079 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1080 # ... 1081 1082 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1083 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1084 1085 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1086 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1087 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1088 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1089 1090 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1091 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1092 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1093 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1094 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1095 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1096 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1097 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1098 # 1099 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1100 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1101 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1102 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1103 # 1104 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1105 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1106 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1107 # coast of the continent. 1108 # 1109 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1110 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1111 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1112 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1113 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1114 # 1115 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1116 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1117 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1118 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1119 # 1120 # (2006-12-09): 1121 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1122 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1123 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1124 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1125 1126 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1127 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1128 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1129 1130 1131 # southeast Australia 1132 # 1133 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1134 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1135 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1136 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1137 1138 1139 # South Australia 1140 1141 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1142 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1143 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1144 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1145 1146 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1147 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1148 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1149 # ... 1150 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1151 # ... 1152 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1153 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1154 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1155 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1156 1157 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1158 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1159 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1160 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1161 1162 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1163 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1164 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1165 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1166 # is on... 1167 1168 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1169 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1170 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1171 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1172 1173 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1174 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1175 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1176 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1177 1178 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1179 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1180 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1181 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1182 1183 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1184 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1185 1186 # Tasmania 1187 1188 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1189 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1190 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1191 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1192 1193 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1194 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1195 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1196 # (but nothing new about that). 1197 1198 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1199 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1200 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1201 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1202 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1203 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1204 1205 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1206 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1207 1208 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1209 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1210 1211 # Victoria 1212 1213 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1214 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1215 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1216 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1217 1218 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1219 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1220 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1221 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1222 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1223 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1224 # 1225 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1226 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1227 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1228 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1229 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1230 # expected time. 1231 # 1232 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1233 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1234 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1235 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1236 # 1237 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1238 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1239 1240 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1241 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1242 1243 # New South Wales 1244 1245 # From Arthur David Olson: 1246 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1247 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1248 # who notes: 1249 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1250 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1251 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1252 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1253 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1254 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1255 1256 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1257 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1258 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1259 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1260 # Two months more daylight saving 1261 # </a> 1262 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1263 1264 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1265 # See the following official NSW source: 1266 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1267 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1268 # </a> 1269 # 1270 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1271 # daylight saving next year. See: 1272 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1273 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1274 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1275 # 1276 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1277 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1278 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1279 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1280 # 1281 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1282 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1283 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1284 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1285 # 1286 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1287 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1288 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1289 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1290 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1291 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1292 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1293 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1294 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1295 # 1296 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1297 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1298 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1299 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1300 1301 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1302 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1303 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1304 1305 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1306 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1307 # towns to use Queensland time. 1308 1309 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1310 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1311 1312 # Yancowinna 1313 1314 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1315 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1316 1317 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1318 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1319 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1320 # ... 1321 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1322 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1323 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1324 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1325 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1326 # # presently available. 1327 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1328 # ... 1329 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1330 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1331 # [followed by other Rules] 1332 1333 # Lord Howe Island 1334 1335 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1336 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1337 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1338 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1339 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1340 1341 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1342 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1343 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1344 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1345 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1346 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1347 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1348 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1349 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1350 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1351 1352 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1353 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1354 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1355 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1356 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1357 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1358 1359 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1360 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1361 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1362 1363 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1364 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1365 1366 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1367 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1368 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1369 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1370 # 1371 # From 1372 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1373 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1374 # </a> 1375 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1376 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1377 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1378 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1379 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1380 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1381 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1382 # 1383 # We have a wrap-up here: 1384 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1385 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1386 # </a> 1387 ############################################################################### 1388 1389 # New Zealand 1390 1391 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1392 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1393 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1394 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1395 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1396 1397 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1398 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1399 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1400 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1401 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1402 # ... 1403 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1404 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1405 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1406 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1407 # ... 1408 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1409 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1410 1411 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1412 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1413 # rather than the October 1 value. 1414 1415 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1416 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1417 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1418 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1419 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1420 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1421 # 1422 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1423 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1424 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1425 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1426 # 1427 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1428 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1429 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1430 1431 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1432 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1433 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1434 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1435 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1436 1437 ############################################################################### 1438 1439 1440 # Fiji 1441 1442 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1443 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1444 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1445 1446 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1447 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1448 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1449 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1450 1451 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1452 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1453 1454 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1455 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1456 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1457 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1458 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1459 # millenium. 1460 1461 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1462 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1463 1464 # Johnston 1465 1466 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1467 1468 1469 # Kiribati 1470 1471 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1472 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1473 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1474 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1475 1476 1477 # Kwajalein 1478 1479 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1480 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1481 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1482 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1483 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1484 1485 1486 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1487 1488 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1489 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1490 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1491 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1492 # see Asia/Manila. 1493 1494 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1495 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1496 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1497 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1498 1499 1500 # Micronesia 1501 1502 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1503 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1504 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1505 # 1506 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1507 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1508 1509 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1510 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1511 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1512 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1513 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1514 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1515 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1516 1517 1518 # Midway 1519 1520 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1521 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1522 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1523 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1524 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1525 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1526 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1527 # air at 6am your time. 1528 # 1529 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1530 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1531 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1532 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1533 1534 1535 # Pitcairn 1536 1537 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1538 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1539 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1540 # 1541 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1542 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1543 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1544 # 1545 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1546 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1547 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1548 1549 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1550 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1551 # ... at midnight. 1552 1553 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1554 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1555 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1556 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1557 1558 1559 # Samoa 1560 1561 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1562 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1563 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1564 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1565 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1566 1567 1568 # Tonga 1569 1570 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1571 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1572 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1573 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1574 1575 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1576 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1577 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1578 # </a>: 1579 1580 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1581 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1582 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1583 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1584 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1585 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1586 # 1587 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1588 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1589 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1590 # 1591 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1592 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1593 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1594 # minutes we have lost?" 1595 # 1596 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1597 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1598 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1599 1600 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1601 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1602 1603 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1604 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1605 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1606 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1607 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1608 # Government. 1609 1610 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1611 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1612 # 1613 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1614 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1615 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1616 # </a> 1617 # 1618 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1619 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1620 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1621 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1622 1623 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1624 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1625 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1626 # </a>: 1627 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1628 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1629 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1630 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1631 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1632 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1633 1634 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1635 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1636 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1637 1638 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1639 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1640 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1641 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1642 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1643 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1644 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1645 1646 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1647 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1648 1649 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1650 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1651 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1652 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1653 # hour to 1:00am. 1654 1655 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1656 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1657 1658 1659 # Wake 1660 1661 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1662 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1663 # 1664 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1665 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1666 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1667 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1668 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1669 # impossible. 1670 # 1671 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1672 1673 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1674 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1675 1676 ############################################################################### 1677 1678 # The International Date Line 1679 1680 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1681 # 1682 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1683 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1684 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1685 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1686 # 1687 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1688 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1689 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1690 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1691 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1692 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1693 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1694 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1695 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1696 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1697 # correct date is ambiguous. 1698 1699 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1700 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1701 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1702 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1703 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1704 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1705 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1706 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1707 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1708 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1709 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1710 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1711 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1712 1713 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1714 # (2005-03-20): 1715 # 1716 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1717 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1718 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1719 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.