antarctica (16240B)
1 # <pre> 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 6 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 7 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 8 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases 9 # </a> 10 # and 11 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 12 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 13 # </a> 14 # for information. 15 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 16 # 17 # Except for the French entries, 18 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 19 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 20 21 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 22 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 24 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 25 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 26 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 27 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 28 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 29 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 30 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 31 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 32 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 33 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 34 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 35 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 36 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 37 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 38 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 39 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 40 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 41 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 42 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 43 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 44 Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45 Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 46 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, 47 # which is used below in specifying the transition. 48 Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 49 Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 50 Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - 51 Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - 52 Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S 53 Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - 54 Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S 55 Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 56 Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 57 58 # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 59 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 60 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 61 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 62 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 63 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 64 Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 65 Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 66 Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68 Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69 Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 70 Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 71 Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72 Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73 Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74 Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 75 Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 76 Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 77 Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 78 Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 79 Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 80 Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81 Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 82 Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 83 Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 84 Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85 86 # Argentina - year-round bases 87 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 88 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 89 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 90 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 91 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 92 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 93 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 94 95 # Australia - territories 96 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 97 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 98 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 99 # Margaret Turner reports 100 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 101 # presumably this is when they have visitors. 102 # 103 # year-round bases 104 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 105 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 106 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 107 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 108 109 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 110 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 111 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 112 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 113 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 114 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 115 # 116 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 117 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 118 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 119 # </a> 120 # 121 # We have more background information here: 122 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 123 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 124 # </a> 125 126 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 127 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 128 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 129 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 130 # on 4 April. 131 # 132 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 133 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 134 # has not been decided yet. 135 # 136 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 137 # 20:00 UTC. 138 # 139 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 140 # 141 # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 142 # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 143 # 144 # Background: 145 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 146 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 147 # </a> 148 149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 151 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 152 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 153 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 154 # Casey Time 155 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 156 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 157 8:00 - WST 158 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 159 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 160 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 161 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 162 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 163 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 164 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 165 7:00 - DAVT 166 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 167 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 168 # Mawson Time 169 5:00 - MAWT 170 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 171 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 172 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 173 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 174 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 175 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 176 # References: 177 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 178 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 179 # </a> 180 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 181 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 182 # </a> 183 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 184 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 185 # </a> 186 187 # Brazil - year-round base 188 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 189 190 # Chile - year-round bases and towns 191 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 192 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 193 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 194 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 195 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 196 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 197 198 # China - year-round bases 199 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 200 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 201 202 # France - year-round bases 203 # 204 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 205 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 206 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 207 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 208 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 209 # from Tasmania. 210 # 211 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 212 # 213 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 214 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 215 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 216 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 217 # 218 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 219 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 220 # 221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 222 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 223 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 224 # 225 # year-round base in the main continent 226 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 227 # 228 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 229 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 230 # 231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 232 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 233 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 234 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 235 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 236 # Reference: 237 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 238 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 239 # </a> 240 241 # Germany - year-round base 242 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 243 244 # India - year-round base 245 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 246 247 # Japan - year-round bases 248 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 249 # Syowa, -690022+0393524 250 # 251 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 252 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 253 # 254 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 255 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 256 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 259 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 260 # See: 261 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 262 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 263 # </a> 264 265 # S Korea - year-round base 266 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 267 268 # New Zealand - claims 269 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 270 # Scott Island (never inhabited) 271 # 272 # year-round base 273 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 274 # 275 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 276 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 277 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 278 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 279 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 280 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 281 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 282 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 283 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 284 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 285 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 286 287 # Norway - territories 288 # Bouvet (never inhabited) 289 # 290 # claims 291 # Peter I Island (never inhabited) 292 293 # Poland - year-round base 294 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 295 296 # Russia - year-round bases 297 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 298 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 299 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 300 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 301 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 302 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 303 304 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 305 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 306 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 307 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 308 # time as Moscow, Russia. 309 # 310 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 311 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 312 # what they had to say about time there: 313 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 314 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 315 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 316 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 317 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 318 # 319 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 320 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 321 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 322 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 323 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 324 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 325 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 326 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 327 # 328 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 329 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 330 331 # S Africa - year-round bases 332 # Marion Island, -4653+03752 333 # Sanae, -7141-00250 334 335 # UK 336 # 337 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 338 # South Orkney Islands 339 # scientific station from 1903 340 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 341 # South Shetland Islands 342 # 343 # year-round bases 344 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 345 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 346 # scientific station 1943/1967, 347 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 348 # and a garrison was deployed briefly 349 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 350 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 351 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 352 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 353 # 354 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 355 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 356 # 357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 359 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 360 361 # Uruguay - year round base 362 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 363 364 # USA - year-round bases 365 # 366 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 367 # 368 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 369 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 370 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 371 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 372 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 373 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 374 # 375 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 376 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 377 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 378 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 379 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 380 # 381 # 382 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 385 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 386 # 387 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 388 # 389 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 390 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 391 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 392 # 393 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 394 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 395 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 396 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 397 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 398 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 399 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 400 # 401 # From Susan Smith 402 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 403 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 404 # We use the same time as McMurdo does. 405 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 406 # One last quirk about South Pole time. 407 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 408 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 409 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 410 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 411 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 412 # 413 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole