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africa (46951B)


      1 # <pre>
      2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
      3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
      4 
      5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
      6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
      7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
      8 
      9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
     10 #
     11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
     12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
     13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
     14 #
     15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
     16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
     17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
     18 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
     19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
     20 #
     21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
     22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
     23 #
     24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
     25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
     26 # I found in the UCLA library.
     27 #
     28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
     29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
     30 #
     31 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
     32 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
     33 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
     34 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
     35 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
     36 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
     37 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
     38 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
     39 #
     40 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
     41 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
     42 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
     43 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
     44 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
     45 #
     46 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
     47 #	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
     48 #	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
     49 #	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
     50 #	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
     51 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
     52 #	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
     53 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
     54 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
     55 # until we get more information.
     56 #
     57 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
     58 #	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
     59 #	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
     60 #	 2:45	BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
     61 #	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
     62 #	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
     63 #	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
     64 #	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
     65 
     66 # Algeria
     67 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
     68 Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
     69 Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
     70 Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
     71 Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
     72 Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
     73 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
     74 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
     75 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
     76 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
     77 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
     78 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
     79 Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
     80 Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
     81 Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
     82 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
     83 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
     84 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
     85 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
     86 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
     87 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
     88 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
     89 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
     90 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
     91 # more precise 0:09:21.
     92 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
     93 Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
     94 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
     95 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
     96 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
     97 			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
     98 			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
     99 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
    100 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
    101 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
    102 			1:00	-	CET
    103 
    104 # Angola
    105 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    106 Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
    107 			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
    108 			1:00	-	WAT
    109 
    110 # Benin
    111 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
    112 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
    113 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    114 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
    115 			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
    116 			1:00	-	WAT
    117 
    118 # Botswana
    119 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    120 Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
    121 			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
    122 			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
    123 			2:00	-	CAT
    124 
    125 # Burkina Faso
    126 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    127 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
    128 			 0:00	-	GMT
    129 
    130 # Burundi
    131 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    132 Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
    133 			2:00	-	CAT
    134 
    135 # Cameroon
    136 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
    137 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    138 Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
    139 			1:00	-	WAT
    140 
    141 # Cape Verde
    142 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    143 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
    144 			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
    145 			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
    146 			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
    147 			-1:00	-	CVT
    148 
    149 # Central African Republic
    150 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    151 Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
    152 			1:00	-	WAT
    153 
    154 # Chad
    155 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    156 Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
    157 			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
    158 			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
    159 			1:00	-	WAT
    160 
    161 # Comoros
    162 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    163 Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
    164 			3:00	-	EAT
    165 
    166 # Democratic Republic of Congo
    167 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    168 Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
    169 			1:00	-	WAT
    170 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
    171 			2:00	-	CAT
    172 
    173 # Republic of the Congo
    174 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    175 Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
    176 			1:00	-	WAT
    177 
    178 # Cote D'Ivoire
    179 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    180 Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
    181 			 0:00	-	GMT
    182 
    183 # Djibouti
    184 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    185 Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
    186 			3:00	-	EAT
    187 
    188 ###############################################################################
    189 
    190 # Egypt
    191 
    192 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    193 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
    194 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
    195 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
    196 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
    197 Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
    198 Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
    199 Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
    200 Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
    201 Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
    202 Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
    203 Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
    204 Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
    205 Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
    206 Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
    207 Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
    208 Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
    209 Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
    210 Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
    211 Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
    212 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
    213 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
    214 
    215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
    216 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
    217 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
    218 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
    219 #
    220 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
    221 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
    222 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
    223 # </a>
    224 # or
    225 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
    226 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
    227 # </a>
    228 Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
    229 Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
    230 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
    231 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
    232 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
    233 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
    234 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
    235 Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
    236 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
    237 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
    238 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
    239 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
    240 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
    241 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
    242 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
    243 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
    244 Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
    245 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
    246 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
    247 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
    248 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
    249 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
    250 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
    251 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
    252 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
    253 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
    254 
    255 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
    256 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
    257 #
    258 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
    259 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
    260 # Apr 23
    261 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
    262 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
    263 # Apr 24
    264 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
    265 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
    266 # Aug 27
    267 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
    268 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
    269 # Aug 27
    270 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
    271 #
    272 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
    273 # :59)
    274 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
    275 #
    276 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
    277 #
    278 # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
    279 # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
    280 # </a>
    281 # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
    282 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
    283 # </a>
    284 # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
    285 # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
    286 # </a>
    287 
    288 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
    289 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
    290 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
    291 # in September.
    292 
    293 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
    294 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
    295 # Information and Decision Support Center:
    296 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
    297 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
    298 # </a>
    299 #
    300 # The Middle East News Agency
    301 # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
    302 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
    303 # </a>
    304 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
    305 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
    306 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
    307 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
    308 # (at least today).
    309 
    310 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
    311 # According to News from Egypt -  Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
    312 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
    313 # Ramadan.
    314 #
    315 # Arabic translation:
    316 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
    317 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
    318 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
    319 # </a>
    320 # or
    321 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
    322 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
    323 # </a>
    324 
    325 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
    326 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	23:00s	0	-
    327 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
    328 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	10	0:00	1:00	S
    329 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
    330 
    331 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    332 Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
    333 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
    334 
    335 # Equatorial Guinea
    336 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    337 Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
    338 			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
    339 			1:00	-	WAT
    340 
    341 # Eritrea
    342 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    343 Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
    344 			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmara Mean Time
    345 			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
    346 			3:00	-	EAT
    347 
    348 # Ethiopia
    349 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
    350 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
    351 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
    352 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
    353 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    354 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
    355 			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
    356 			3:00	-	EAT
    357 
    358 # Gabon
    359 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    360 Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
    361 			1:00	-	WAT
    362 
    363 # Gambia
    364 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    365 Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
    366 			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
    367 			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
    368 			 0:00	-	GMT
    369 
    370 # Ghana
    371 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    372 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
    373 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
    374 Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
    375 Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
    376 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    377 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
    378 			 0:00	Ghana	%s
    379 
    380 # Guinea
    381 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    382 Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
    383 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
    384 			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
    385 			 0:00	-	GMT
    386 
    387 # Guinea-Bissau
    388 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    389 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
    390 			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
    391 			 0:00	-	GMT
    392 
    393 # Kenya
    394 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    395 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
    396 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
    397 			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
    398 			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
    399 			3:00	-	EAT
    400 
    401 # Lesotho
    402 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    403 Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
    404 			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
    405 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
    406 			2:00	-	SAST
    407 
    408 # Liberia
    409 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
    410 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
    411 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
    412 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
    413 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
    414 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
    415 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
    416 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
    417 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    418 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
    419 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
    420 			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
    421 			 0:00	-	GMT
    422 
    423 ###############################################################################
    424 
    425 # Libya
    426 
    427 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
    428 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
    429 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
    430 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
    431 #
    432 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
    433 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
    434 #
    435 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
    436 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
    437 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
    438 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
    439 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
    440 
    441 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    442 Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
    443 Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
    444 Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
    445 Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
    446 Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
    447 Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
    448 Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
    449 Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
    450 Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
    451 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
    452 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
    453 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
    454 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
    455 Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
    456 Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
    457 Rule	Libya	2013	max	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
    458 Rule	Libya	2013	max	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
    459 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    460 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
    461 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
    462 			2:00	-	EET	1982
    463 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
    464 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
    465 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
    466 			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
    467 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
    468 			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10 2:00
    469 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT
    470 
    471 # Madagascar
    472 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    473 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
    474 			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
    475 			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
    476 			3:00	-	EAT
    477 
    478 # Malawi
    479 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    480 Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
    481 			2:00	-	CAT
    482 
    483 # Mali
    484 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    485 Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
    486 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
    487 			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
    488 			 0:00	-	GMT
    489 
    490 # Mauritania
    491 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    492 Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
    493 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
    494 			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
    495 			 0:00	-	GMT
    496 
    497 # Mauritius
    498 
    499 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
    500 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
    501 # basis....
    502 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
    503 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
    504 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
    505 
    506 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
    507 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
    508 
    509 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
    510 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
    511 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
    512 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
    513 
    514 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
    515 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
    516 
    517 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
    518 # According to
    519 # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
    520 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
    521 # </a>
    522 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
    523 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
    524 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
    525 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
    526 #
    527 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
    528 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
    529 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
    530 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
    531 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
    532 # changes two days later.
    533 
    534 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
    535 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
    536 # time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
    537 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
    538 #
    539 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
    540 # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
    541 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
    542 # ...
    543 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
    544 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
    545 # </a>
    546 
    547 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
    548 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
    549 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
    550 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
    551 # </a>
    552 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
    553 #
    554 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
    555 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
    556 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
    557 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
    558 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
    559 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
    560 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
    561 # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
    562 # and end on 29 March 2009.
    563 
    564 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
    565 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
    566 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
    567 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
    568 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
    569 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
    570 # </a>
    571 
    572 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
    573 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
    574 # DST the coming summer...
    575 #
    576 # Some sources, in French:
    577 # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
    578 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
    579 # </a>
    580 # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
    581 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
    582 # </a>
    583 #
    584 # Our wrap-up:
    585 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
    586 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
    587 # </a>
    588 
    589 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
    590 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
    591 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
    592 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
    593 
    594 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    595 Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	S
    596 Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
    597 Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
    598 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
    599 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    600 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
    601 			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
    602 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
    603 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
    604 
    605 # Mayotte
    606 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    607 Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
    608 			3:00	-	EAT
    609 
    610 # Morocco
    611 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
    612 
    613 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
    614 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
    615 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
    616 #
    617 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
    618 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
    619 # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
    620 #
    621 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
    622 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
    623 # </a>
    624 # OR
    625 # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
    626 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
    627 # </a>
    628 
    629 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
    630 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
    631 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
    632 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
    633 # </a>
    634 #
    635 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
    636 # spokesman.
    637 
    638 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
    639 # According to this article:
    640 # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
    641 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
    642 # </a>
    643 # (and republished here:
    644 # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
    645 # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
    646 # </a>
    647 # )
    648 # the changes occurs at midnight:
    649 #
    650 # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
    651 # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
    652 # sunday night the 28th  at midnight
    653 #
    654 # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
    655 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
    656 # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
    657 # june1st to sept 27th.
    658 #
    659 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
    660 # published on the web.
    661 #
    662 # It's also confirmed here:
    663 # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
    664 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
    665 # </a>
    666 # on a government portal as being  between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
    667 # posted in english).
    668 #
    669 # The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
    670 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
    671 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
    672 # </a>
    673 
    674 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
    675 # Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
    676 # Morocco DST changes?  Any information?  What about other part of
    677 # Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
    678 # SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
    679 
    680 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
    681 # XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
    682 
    683 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
    684 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
    685 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
    686 # of September:
    687 #
    688 # One article about it (in French):
    689 # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
    690 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
    691 # </a>
    692 #
    693 # We have some further details posted here:
    694 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
    695 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
    696 # </a>
    697 
    698 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
    699 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
    700 # to many sources, such as
    701 # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
    702 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
    703 # </a>
    704 # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
    705 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
    706 # </a>
    707 # (French)
    708 #
    709 # Our summary:
    710 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
    711 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
    712 # </a>
    713 
    714 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
    715 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
    716 # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
    717 #
    718 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
    719 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
    720 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
    721 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
    722 #
    723 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
    724 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
    725 # </a>
    726 #
    727 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
    728 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
    729 # </a>
    730 
    731 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
    732 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
    733 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
    734 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
    735 #
    736 # Example:
    737 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
    738 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
    739 # </a>
    740 # (French)
    741 # Our page:
    742 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
    743 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
    744 # </a>
    745 
    746 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
    747 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
    748 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
    749 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
    750 # ...Official links of change in morocco
    751 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
    752 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
    753 # +212.537.71.84.00
    754 # <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
    755 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
    756 # </a>
    757 # They said that
    758 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
    759 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
    760 # </a>
    761 # is the official publication to look at.
    762 # They said that the decision was already taken.
    763 #
    764 # More articles in the press
    765 # <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
    766 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
    767 # </a>
    768 # e.html
    769 # <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
    770 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
    771 # </a>
    772 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
    773 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
    774 # anche-prochain-5538.html
    775 # </a>
    776 
    777 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
    778 # They have it written in English here:
    779 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
    780 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
    781 # </a>
    782 #
    783 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
    784 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
    785 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
    786 # also been like that in the past.
    787 
    788 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
    789 # According to Infom&eacute;diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
    790 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l&eacute;gale:
    791 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'&eacute;t&eacute;
    792 # <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
    793 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
    794 # </a>
    795 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
    796 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
    797 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
    798 # except the month of Ramadan.
    799 # or (brief)
    800 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
    801 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
    802 # </a>
    803 
    804 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
    805 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
    806 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
    807 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
    808 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
    809 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
    810 
    811 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
    812 # Seen Morocco change again:
    813 # <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
    814 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
    815 # </a>
    816 # "...&agrave; partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
    817 # comme annonc&eacute; pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment."
    818 
    819 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
    820 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
    821 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
    822 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
    823 # </a>
    824 #
    825 # Google translation, lightly edited:
    826 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
    827 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
    828 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
    829 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
    830 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
    831 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
    832 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
    833 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
    834 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
    835 
    836 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    837 
    838 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
    839 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
    840 Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
    841 Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
    842 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
    843 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
    844 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
    845 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
    846 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
    847 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
    848 Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
    849 Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
    850 Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
    851 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
    852 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
    853 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
    854 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
    855 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
    856 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	 21	 0:00	0	-
    857 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
    858 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
    859 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
    860 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	 31	 0	0	-
    861 Rule	Morocco	2012	max	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
    862 Rule	Morocco	2012	max	-	Sep	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
    863 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	 20	 3:00	0	-
    864 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	 20	 2:00	1:00	S
    865 
    866 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    867 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
    868 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
    869 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
    870 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
    871 # Western Sahara
    872 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
    873 			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
    874 			 0:00	-	WET
    875 
    876 # Mozambique
    877 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    878 Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
    879 			2:00	-	CAT
    880 
    881 # Namibia
    882 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
    883 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
    884 
    885 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
    886 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
    887 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
    888 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
    889 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
    890 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
    891 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
    892 # of the country.
    893 #
    894 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
    895 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
    896 # we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
    897 
    898 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    899 Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
    900 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
    901 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    902 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
    903 			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
    904 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
    905 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
    906 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
    907 			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
    908 			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
    909 
    910 # Niger
    911 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    912 Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
    913 			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
    914 			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
    915 			 1:00	-	WAT
    916 
    917 # Nigeria
    918 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    919 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
    920 			1:00	-	WAT
    921 
    922 # Reunion
    923 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    924 Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
    925 			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
    926 #
    927 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
    928 # The following information about them is taken from
    929 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
    930 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
    931 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
    932 #
    933 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
    934 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
    935 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
    936 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
    937 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
    938 
    939 # Rwanda
    940 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    941 Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
    942 			2:00	-	CAT
    943 
    944 # St Helena
    945 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    946 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
    947 			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
    948 			 0:00	-	GMT
    949 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
    950 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
    951 #	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
    952 #	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
    953 #		on GMT, says the CIA
    954 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
    955 
    956 # Sao Tome and Principe
    957 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    958 Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
    959 			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
    960 			 0:00	-	GMT
    961 
    962 # Senegal
    963 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    964 Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
    965 			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
    966 			 0:00	-	GMT
    967 
    968 # Seychelles
    969 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    970 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
    971 			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
    972 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
    973 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
    974 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
    975 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
    976 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
    977 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
    978 
    979 # Sierra Leone
    980 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
    981 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
    982 Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
    983 Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
    984 Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
    985 Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
    986 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    987 Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
    988 			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
    989 			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
    990 			 0:00	SL	%s
    991 
    992 # Somalia
    993 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
    994 Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
    995 			3:00	-	EAT	1931
    996 			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
    997 			3:00	-	EAT
    998 
    999 # South Africa
   1000 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
   1001 Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
   1002 Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
   1003 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1004 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
   1005 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
   1006 			2:00	SA	SAST
   1007 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
   1008 # scientific station since 1947
   1009 # no information
   1010 
   1011 # Sudan
   1012 #
   1013 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
   1014 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
   1015 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
   1016 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
   1017 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
   1018 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
   1019 #
   1020 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
   1021 Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
   1022 Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
   1023 Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
   1024 Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
   1025 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1026 Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
   1027 			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
   1028 			3:00	-	EAT
   1029 
   1030 # South Sudan
   1031 Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
   1032 			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
   1033 			3:00	-	EAT
   1034 
   1035 # Swaziland
   1036 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1037 Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
   1038 			2:00	-	SAST
   1039 
   1040 # Tanzania
   1041 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1042 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
   1043 			3:00	-	EAT	1948
   1044 			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
   1045 			3:00	-	EAT
   1046 
   1047 # Togo
   1048 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1049 Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
   1050 			0:00	-	GMT
   1051 
   1052 # Tunisia
   1053 
   1054 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
   1055 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
   1056 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
   1057 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
   1058 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
   1059 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
   1060 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
   1061 # Saturday."  (My translation)
   1062 #
   1063 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
   1064 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
   1065 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
   1066 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
   1067 # 1h standard time.
   1068 #
   1069 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
   1070 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
   1071 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
   1072 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
   1073 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
   1074 
   1075 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
   1076 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
   1077 # (Arabic)
   1078 # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
   1079 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
   1080 # </a>
   1081 # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
   1082 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
   1083 # </a>
   1084 #
   1085 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
   1086 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
   1087 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
   1088 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
   1089 # </a>
   1090 
   1091 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
   1092 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
   1093 #
   1094 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
   1095 #
   1096 # (in English)
   1097 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
   1098 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
   1099 # </a>
   1100 #
   1101 # (in Arabic)
   1102 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
   1103 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
   1104 # </a>
   1105 
   1106 # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
   1107 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
   1108 # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
   1109 # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
   1110 # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).
   1111 
   1112 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
   1113 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
   1114 #
   1115 # (translation):
   1116 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
   1117 # Sunday...
   1118 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
   1119 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
   1120 #
   1121 # (in Arabic)
   1122 # <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
   1123 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
   1124 # <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
   1125 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
   1126 # or
   1127 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
   1128 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
   1129 
   1130 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
   1131 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
   1132 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
   1133 Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
   1134 Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
   1135 Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
   1136 Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
   1137 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
   1138 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
   1139 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
   1140 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
   1141 Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
   1142 Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
   1143 Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
   1144 Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
   1145 Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
   1146 Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
   1147 Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
   1148 Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
   1149 Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
   1150 Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
   1151 Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
   1152 Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
   1153 Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
   1154 Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
   1155 Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
   1156 
   1157 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
   1158 # more precise 0:09:21.
   1159 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
   1160 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1161 Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
   1162 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
   1163 			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
   1164 
   1165 # Uganda
   1166 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1167 Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
   1168 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
   1169 			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
   1170 			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
   1171 			3:00	-	EAT
   1172 
   1173 # Zambia
   1174 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1175 Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
   1176 			2:00	-	CAT
   1177 
   1178 # Zimbabwe
   1179 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
   1180 Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
   1181 			2:00	-	CAT